Friday, February 14, 2020

Sexism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexism - Essay Example Gender would be considered as a social construction. The opportunities and treatment that face people would largely be presented in reference to such a person’s sex, hence a form of discrimination referred to as sexism. Benatar defines sexism as economic and cultural structures that create and propagate rigid. and elaborate sex-marking and sex-announcing patterns that cause division of the species based on sex into subordinates and dominators. Sexism would thus be considered as systemic where the system favours those with overall power. It is basically the wrongful discrimination of a person on the basis of such a person’s sex. The wrongfulness of this discrimination could be out of individual beliefs about a particular sex or because such a discrimination would unjustly harm the discriminated persons. The dominance of one sex in any society would imply that there is a sex that is being oppressed. Benatar (12) introduces first sexism in reference to cases where girls ha ve been victimised. These girls and women have been killed due to their female sex in places where there is strong preference for sons, referred to as female infanticide. Widows would also be forced to end their lives in the name of rituals such as the India’s sati. Neglect could also cause deaths of girls and women especially in times of short food supplies in communities where sons would be prioritised as girls would be left to die out of malnutrition. Many millions of girls have been deprived of education as the boys on the other hand would be provided with education. Even in places where girls would be allowed to access primary education, the ladder tilts to favour the boys in higher education. In Saudi Arabia, women have been prohibited from riding motorcycles or bicycles or driving vehicles. Sexism through language Language has perpetuated male dominance through trivialising, ignoring and sexualising women. The use of he in cases of unspecified sex and the generic term mankind in reference to humanity are some example in English that enhance sexism. Additionally, promiscuity would usually be applied to women only. Towards the end of the 20th Century, gender neutral language had been promoted and has been largely attributed to feminism rise. This language avoids gender specific titles and other usage considered to be sexist. Supporters argue that gender specific title and pronouns exhibits systemic bias that excludes people based on their gender. Their proponents however argue that promoting gender neutral language would lead to grammatical distortion of meaning. Other languages around the world, in contrast to the western Indo-European languages had gender specific pronouns arise recently in the early 20th Century. Turkish is one of the examples. Colonialism saw most cultures revolutionise in an attempt to be modernised or westernised through addition of gender specific pronouns. As a result, about a century ago, these gender neutral pronouns beca me gender specific. Sexism in mass communication media Mass media, including movies, newspapers, television and magazines widely reflect what the society assumes about gender. Movies, particularly pornography objectifies gender by depicting scenes where women would be coerced, humiliated, dominated or even sexually assaulted. It entails psychological, physical or economic coercion of the women folk to perform and model in such movies. But with the modern rise in feminism, magazines have largely been concerned with the achievements of women. Despite this, various magazines still define women in reference to men behind them. Eitzen and Baca-Zinn (268) document studies which have shown that

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Migrant Workers in North America Research Proposal

Migrant Workers in North America - Research Proposal Example Migrant labor in different forms is found in North America, South Africa, India, Western Europe, and the Middle East. In both the Middle East and Europe, migrant labor habitually has been employed for urban instead of agricultural work and entails prolonged durations of residence (Foner, 2001). In contrast, in Northern America, migrant work is inclined for agricultural work, largely during times of harvest. The necessity for agricultural migrant labor develops from the cyclic nature of yielding (Williams, 2004). Problem Statement The purpose of this study is to highlight the status of migrant workers in North America. Despites migrant labor patterns being present in different parts of the globe, not any can be compared with the magnitude and extent of the labor patterns in the United States. Migrant laborers may be moved to their work areas by a contractor who is charged with the responsibility of supplying the farm owners with the required workers or the migrant laborers may go to t he farms by themselves (Frum, 2000). Therefore, this study will investigate all aspects of migrant workers in North America (Hanson, 2006). Significance This study should be conducted so as to help people become familiar with the topic of migrant workers on North America. ... Nevertheless, during the period of 18th and 19th centuries, when slaves were set free and the slave trade was outlawed, workers from the foreign areas started to be recruited to compensate for the need for low-priced labor (Wright, 2003). In addition, there were a large number of sources for cheap workforce. Laborers from China were among the first people to be transported to North America in considerable numbers. Nevertheless, the federal administration restricted movement migration from this area with the 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act. During the start of the 20th century, individuals from the Philippines and Mexico started to enter North America to work in the farms as cheap laborers. In addition, different sources of low cost agricultural labor in this period came from untrained European migrants (Borjas, 2007)Unlike Philippine, Mexican, or Chinese laborers who came to North America purposefully to provide cheap labor in farms, European migrants did not come to North America to pre cisely work as laborers (Zimmermann, 2005). Nevertheless, they were employed as laborers in these farms. In addition, numerous a large number of Chinese, European, Philippine, and Mexican immigrants who moved to North America as laborers did so with the objective of finally buying their own lands and farms. Nonetheless, because of the complexity encountered in getting sufficient capital, this objective was frequently not attained. Literature Review In the Northern part, migrant labor travels regularly from south to north after the harvesting period, while in the Southern part migrant labor moves from north to south after harvest. The majority of agricultural laborers travel in well