The Importance Education Has on Life Essay - 555 Words

Education has tremendous effects that can determine how nice a person’s life will be and the job that he will receive. It can decide what one will do for the rest of his life, and it can determine how one will live our life. Good education does not come easy though. One must go through struggles in order to obtain it. People spend years to get the degree that they want. Douglass’s struggles were much worse than the struggles we endure today. The fact that Douglass was a slave greatly hurt his chances of acquiring an education. Since he was a slave, it was illegal and dangerous for people to teach him how to read and write because they could get in trouble with the law. Slaveholders and masters feared educated slaves. An educated slave†¦show more content†¦Douglass wanted to be able to read and write so he could write about his life as a slave and his escape from slavery to freedom. Douglass became a great speaker and writer. He wanted to open the eyes of the na tion to the cruelty of slavery. Douglass became an avid abolitionist and got arrested later on in his life for speaking against slavery. Richard LaGravenese’s movie freedom writers displayed some of the modern hardships students go through to receive an education. The most prevalent hardship that is seen today is racial intolerance. Students today do not know how to tolerate other races and are not willing to tolerate other races. Mrs. Gruwell intended to teach her students how to tolerate and accept different races She taught them that appearance does not make one person better than the other person. High school students are caught up in the popularity hype. In the movie, the way to gain popularity and respect is to fight people from other races. They think that they gain a lot from beating someone up. Unfortunately, not many people will stand up for what is right because they do not want to get ridiculed. In order to make a change you have to be willing to stick out. Mrs. Gruwell was willing to stand out for her cause so she could make a change and to fix the problem. She was persistent. No matter the ridicule that she received, she kept on doing what was right. ManyShow MoreRelatedEssay on My Teaching Philosophy594 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause I want to make a difference in children’s lives. I want to become a Physical Education teacher, to teach children the importance of being physically fit and physically active. In edition to teaching the importance of being and staying healthy, I want to give the younger generation the opportunity to play sports. Through playing sports a child may feel a since of purpose or importance. This may deter a life of crime or a drug-abuse. Through being a teacher I want to be a good example forRead MoreThe Cycle Of Illiteracy And Illiteracy984 Words   |  4 PagesIlliteracy Illiteracy has always been a problem in society in various ways that I believe, can only be frowned upon. Events in the past and present days emphasize the importance of basic education focusing in literacy as an essential part of our society. An experience as simple as a parent being illiterate can have a ripple effect on their children. Such as, my grandfather, who was raised in Mexico and was taught that labor to provide for his family was of higher importance than education and literacyRead MoreThe Value Of Education856 Words   |  4 PagesHassan Bajwa Prof. Lesley Broder English 24 8 January 2018 The Value of Education Education has been a powerful instrument that guides the society in achieving human desires and aspirations. It is in the nature of human beings to have big dreams in life. Everyone desires to be successful and lead a prosperous lifestyle. However, a successful life is a fruit of good education. I believe in the value of education because it has the power to transform one from nothing to something. From a naà ¯ve youngRead MoreEducation And The Portrayal Of Women1619 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Victorian Era, the right to a proper education for women was at the forefront of politics. Although England has Queen Victoria in parliament, nevertheless woman face oppression daily on the basis of their gender; primarily through the lack of education they receive throughout their lifetime. The struggle for education causes men and woman to compose multiple types of literary critiques to argue the social structure that currently exists in their society. The main statement made in politi calRead MoreAnalysis of Freedom Writers Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there is hope for a life outside gang violence and death. Through unconventional teaching methods and devotion, Erin eventually teaches her pupils to appreciate and desire a proper education. The film itself inquiries into several concepts regarding significant and polemical matters, such as: acceptance, racial conflict, bravery, trust and respect. Perhaps one of the more concentrated concepts of the film, which is not listed above, is the importance and worth of education. This notion is distinctlyRead MoreLessons From The Assembly Line By Andrew Braaksma890 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle named â€Å"Some Lessons from the Assembly Line† by Andrew Braaksma throws light on the importance of higher education by illustrating his real life experiences from his summer internship in a factory where he worked as a blue collar employee and learned that blue collar job has lots of disadvantages and is uncertai n although it pays well. To reiterate, the author has emphasized on the importance of higher education and how his summer internship as a blue collar employee taught him various valuable lessonsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Development853 Words   |  4 PagesDuring this class, we have discussed many topics from the importance of Early Childhood Education, through all of the developmental stages and into the roots of behavioral issues. I’d have to say out of all the topics, the importance of Early Childhood Education and how children develop and learn from week 2 is what has stuck out the most to me. I have even found myself explaining the importance to friends, with information I have learned from this course. For example, in a recent conversationRead MoreA Education System Of South Carolina918 Words   |  4 Pagesnew opportunities to better oneself, as well as, to take advantage of the phenomenal educational system of South Carolina. I have not always understood the significance of making it a priority to come to school, but, as I have grown, the importance of attendance has taken on a new light. In a child’s mind, school is not a priority, rather, in most cases, it is the last place they want to be. To a child, waking up at six every morning to go have some other child steal their crayons isRead MoreEducation Is an Enlightning Experience698 Words   |  3 Pages Education is an enlightening experience, a way of acquiring knowledge through instructions given in a formal setting like schools or universities. One must have education because it’s of great importance to one’s life, it gives great opportunities to express yourself and understand different cultures. It makes you learn a thing that one hasn’t heard before. Education is a tool used to unlock the worlds understanding and solutions in order to conquer problems. Education helps one to matureRead MorePurpose Of College Education863 Words   |  4 Pages Education is the understanding of knowledge, skills, and moral values. It is essential for the growth and development of students. It serves as the direction of the mind of a young adult. A college education is an important stage because it helps students understand and appreciate the importance of education in the society. It is an optional stage of a formal system of education that offers vocational learning. The college experience teaches the young generation to work by preparing them psychologically

The Ongoing Study of Alzheimers Disease Essay - 775 Words

The Ongoing Study of Alzheimers Disease Article Summary Imagine your greatest fear of a loved one growing old. Could it be a fear of your dearest going through tremendous pain and suffering, or perhaps just the fear of him or her dying? Now imagine that this loved one, with whom you have shared many wonderful memories, no longer recognizes you. It kind of worries you a bit now, doesn’t it? Although Alzheimer’s disease can be very hard on those stricken and their families, do not feel as if your case is a hopeless one. There are studies being conducted as to the cause and possible prevention methods of this disease. One such study has taken place at the convent of the School Sisters of Notre Dame on Good Counsel Hill in†¦show more content†¦In their first set of conclusions, they confirmed prior studies by noticing that those further educated were less likely to be susceptible. Researchers later found that essays written in young life showing low idea density and grammatical complexity to be ve ry strong indicators of a later problem with Alzheimer’s. They also found several factors unrelated to the subjects’ writings which could contribute to the dementia of Alzheimer’s disease. There was evidence that those who had suffered from strokes and head trauma showed signs of dementia. They also attributed low levels of folic acid in subject blood to Alzheimer’s patients. Lastly, Snowdon and fellow researchers studied the emotions of the nuns. They found that those expressing more positive emotions were more likely to live longer than those expressing negative emotions. To sum up, the Nun Study is breaking new important ground on Alzheimer’s disease. Background Knowledge The book doesn’t delve too deeply into the causes or prevention methods of Alzheimer’s disease. It states that â€Å"[p] eople with Alzheimer’s disease, a devastating condition that leads to memory loss, personality changes, and eventual disintegration of all physical and mental abilities, lose brain cells responsible for producing acetylcholine, and this deficit mayShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease : My Grandmas Killer1510 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease: My Grandma’s Killer Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by gradual cognitive decline that beings with the inability to create recent memories or thoughts which then proceeds to influencing all intellectual functions (Mayeux Stern, 2012) . Alzheimer’s disease leads to premature death and the dependence of someone for daily life functions. (Mayeux Stern, 2012) If effects an estimated 5.5 million people in the United States and 24 million people worldwide (Mayeux SternRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Neurological Thief822 Words   |  4 Pages Alzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief Ashley E. Campbell Psychology 210 October 31, 2015 Malvereen Harris Alzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief It is a wicked disease that slowly steals our loved ones memories, independence and eventually their lives. While no one knows the exact cause of Alzheimer’s Disease, it is the leading cause of dementia related deaths to date. It was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German psychologist and neurologist. Alzheimer’s DiseaseRead MoreA Research Study On Alzheimer s Disease1394 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in people over the age of 65, as determined by the (Center for Disease Control, 2015). The number of people living with AD is predicted to triple by 2050. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s rises exponentially with age. â€Å"Currently, verification of an AD diagnosis occurs through postmortem detection of pathology in neural tissue, specifically extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellularRead MoreThe National Alzheimer s Project Act1 260 Words   |  6 PagesA major devastating and debilitating disease, Alzheimer s is a public health issue that affects not only the United States but also countries all around the world. In 2010, there were 35.6 million people living with Alzheimer’s. Researchers and medical personnel expect this number to triple by the year 2050. The disease is costing America an exorbitant amount of money and has become a burden on families, caregivers, medical personnel, the healthcare system, and the nation’s economy. If attentionRead MoreAbout Alzheimer’s Disease Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are approximately 5.4 million people living with Alzheimer’s. Every sixty-nine seconds a person is diagnosed. This is an ongoing issue, and unless something is done, sixteen million people will be affected by 2050 (Latest). Alzheimer’s is a systemic disease, meaning that it affects more than one part of the body. There are three major systems that are affected by Alzheimer’s. The first involves the Central Nervous System. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord,Read MoreAlzheimers Disease - the Silent Killer1089 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease – The Silent Killer â€Å"Who are you?† â€Å"Do I know you?† Alzheimer’s disease is a very traumatic and disheartening disease that can affect loved ones in our families and relationships. I will be discussing the causes and prevention of this disease even though scientific facts and research are still being tested for validity. Alzheimer’s disease was first diagnosed to be a medical condition back in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. Dr. Alzheimer identified this mental illnessRead MoreThe Leading Cause For Dementia, Alzheimers Disease1343 Words   |  6 PagesAs the leading cause for dementia, Alzheimer’s disease –AD-, effects more than 25 million people in the world (Perrone Grant, 2015, p. 1).The neurodegenerative disorder, results in behavioral changes, as well as cognitive including, loss of memory and language skills ( Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Researchers have tracked two leading abnormalities resulting in Alzheimer’s. These two are, amyloid plaques-clumps of protein which form in and around the neurons- and neurofibrillary tangles- insolubleRead MoreDr. Carter s Letter929 Words   |  4 Pagessupport of Dr. Marilyn Carter’s outstanding research work as a scientist in the field of neuroscience. Based on her research skills, publication records, and both her pr oven and ongoing contributions to the field, I am absolutely confident that Dr. Carter will continue to discover new aspects of neurodegenerative diseases and thus facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic methods, ultimately serving the national interests. Before providing further details of Dr. Carter and her research, I wouldRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagessoul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to nerveRead MoreGap In Policy Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesthere have been different interventions, policy programs and approaches to dementia, there still remain a significant amount of gaps in practices. Evaluation studies have shown that even though there is certain evidence showing different forms of interventions for dementia, the amount quality of care provided is poor. For instance, a dementia study had results which revealed that about only 35 percent of suggested care quality indicators being achieved (Reuben et al., 2009). When referring to some factors

The Eighth Amendment Free Essays

The eighth amendment is defined as â€Å"excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (Lectlaw, 2010). This amendment was adopted as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791. The eighth amendment serves the purpose of protection of those who are innocent until proven guilty and to ensure that all persons are treated fairly in the criminal justice system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eighth Amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Defendants who are not released on bail are being denied the opportunity to prepare their defense. Also, denying bail or having excessive bail imprisons the defendant without being properly convicted. There are cases, however, where bail must be denied or set excessively high. If an unconvicted defendant is feared to be a danger to the community or a flight risk, the constitution permits the denial of bail (FindLaw, 2010). The â€Å"no excessive fines clause of the eighth amendment presides fines directly imposed by, and payable to the government and in civil forfeiture cases† (Onecle, 2009). The term â€Å"excessive† still has not been defined by the United States court system. Asset forfeiture, however, has become a key element in the war on drugs as the government has the power to seize property of persons that have not yet been convicted of a crime (Hornberger, 2005). The law â€Å"there shall not be cruel and unusual punishment† under the eighth amendment means that society will deem what is cruel and unusual. The standards of society transform over time as citizens â€Å"do better when they know better†. Medevil practices such as cutting off the hand of a theif are obviously unacceptable forms of punishment in today’s modern society. While the death penalty is used in some states for those who commit the most heinous of crimes, not all states impose such a severe sentence. The first known execution within the United States occurred in the year 1607 in Jamestown. Captain George Kendall was shot to death by a firing squad for allegedly spying against the British (Justice, 2009). Since then, there has been a struggle among society and lawmakers attempting to decide if the death penalty falls under unusual and cruel punishment. In the late 1960s, â€Å"all but 10 states had laws authorizing capital punishment† (Justice, 2009). During Furman v. Georgia in 1972, the U. S. Supreme Court decided against capital punishment on federal and state levels. The majority ruled in a five to four vote that the death penalty violated the rights of the eighth amendment (Justice, 2009). Over 600 inmates sitting on death row had their sentences overturned between the years 1967 and 1972. This suspension of the death penalty continued until 1976. During the Gregg v. Georgia case in 1976, the court decided to uphold a procedure in which the trial of â€Å"capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases† (Wikipedia, 2010). These proceedings entailed a jury to first decide if a defendant is guilty. Based upon that decision, then a jury decides whether any aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty: life in prison or capital punishment (Wikipedia, 2010). In 2002, the United States Supreme Court decided that the execution of criminals who are mentally ill to be cruel and unusual punishment. Also, in 2005, it was decided that the execution of criminals under the age of 18 to be cruel and unusual as well. As of the year 2008,†the death penalty is authorized by 37 states, the federal government and the U. S. Military† (Clarkprosecutor, 2008). Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Minnesota, North Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Rhode Island do not support capital punishment (Clarkprosecutor, 2008). If the past has any influence on the future, the laws governing the death penalty will probably change time and time again. Society must do the best they can with the knowledge they acquire. Who is to say that the death penalty will be abolished forever or that possibly the death penalty might become usual punishment for crimes less than heinous? The future, in regards to the death penalty, may hold some surprises for us. Only the future will reveal what is to come. ClarkProsecutor. Org, 2008. The death penalty. Retrieved on January 31, 2010 from http://www. clarkprosecutor. org/html/death/dpusa. htm FindLaw (2010). The eighth amendment. Retrieved on January 30, 2010 from http://www. findlaw. com/ Hornberger, Jacob. G. The bill of rights (2005). Retrieved on January 30, 2010 from http://www. fff. org/freedom/fd0503a. asp Justice (2009). History of the Death Penalty. Retrieved on January 30, 2010 from http://justice. uaa. alaska. edu/death/history. html LectLaw (2010). The eighth amendment. Retrieved on January 30, 2010 from http://www. lectlaw. com/def/e082. htm Onecle (2009). Excessive Fines. Retrieved onJanuary 30, 2009 from http://law. onecle. com/constitution/amendment-08/02-excessive-fines. html Wikipedia (2010). The eighth amendment. Retrieved on January 30, 2010 from http://www. wikipedia. org How to cite The Eighth Amendment, Papers

Impact of Tax Avoidance on Revenue Collection

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Tax Avoidance on Revenue Collection. Answer: Introduction: Tax avoidance is a common phenomena amongst people across the globe. It is basically a method adopted by the tax payers wherein they are to pay least amount of tax but staying within the legal limits. Often people confuse the term avoidance with evasion. However, the two terms are mean different i.e. the former inclines towards usage of legal means and the latter inclines towards usage of illegal means for paying tax. Avoiding or managing payment of lesser amount of tax to the government is possible only via sound financial planning (Lexicon., 2015). For example ensuring that the companys assets are sold in such a phased manner so that the maximum exemption criterion of the capital gains tax is met thus ensuring avoidance of tax legally and not evasion of the same. The topic tax avoidance is specifically being researched here so that one can know that even though it is a legal mean of saving tax, yet the government is suffering from the same. Since their revenues are getting impacted , hence it is becoming very difficult for them to work towards the prosperity of the nation due to financial constraints. Major source of tax revenue for any economy is via the corporate houses, and any kind of avoidance of tax has an impact on the national income. The question as to what lures a person to engage into the practice of tax avoidance and the degree of tax avoidance aggressiveness is of interest from the researchers point of view (Pettinger 2012). Further the impact, tax avoidance strategies have on the overall revenue collection of a countrys economy is also discussed. Purpose of the Research The impact on the economic stability is the main area which is examined in this report and along with the same depends various other factors as well such as the unemployment rate of a country or the account balance of a country. Thus it can be said that the research report takes us through examination of the economic factors which varies country wise which influences the tax avoidance forcefulness. Economies that is stable versus the unstable ones after the financial crisis of 2008 and the market-based versus the bank based countries would be discussed in lieu of tax avoidance. The next section will detail about tax avoidance as a concept thus leading towards development of a model. Lastly the economic factors related to the research topic would be further discussed. The concept of tax avoidance comes into the picture with the fact that for an economy to function well, the individuals and the corporate houses are to contribute a part of their earnings to the economy. However these individuals and corporates view the same as a burden rather than a moral responsibility. They therefore resort to various tax shelter options which helps them to avoid such a payment. The agency theory makes the concept of diverting the money from the tax authorities to the owners incomplete. Many a times these managers take undue advantage of the tax avoidance strategies in such a manner that the money saved is distributed amongst themselves rather than reaching the actual owner of the money (Zhang, 2007). Empirical evidences have proved that the stakeholders are well acquainted h such an act, thus welcome the regulatory norms so that such an event does not occur and tax aggression is kept alive. Rent diversion is one of the common ways of tax avoidance, thus by instal ling a strong corporate governance system within the corporate, the firm will perform well and the shares of the company will also be valued better (Desai, Dharmapala, 2009). It is also understood that the level of tax avoidance would differ company per se i.e. whether publicly held company or privately held company. Apparently although it would seem tat the family owned companies would benefit more from avoiding tax but the cost that they would have to incur in case the same is caught is much higher than the benefit. However the same is not higher in case of a publicly held company (Bond et.al. 2004). The fact that the true value of a taxable income is known to the person who is entitled to pay tax and the regulatory bodies have no way to find the same until and unless certain cost is incurred. Thus the spur for an increased tax aggressiveness has to be compared to the future costs. In the next stage we would discuss about the actual determinants of tax avoidance within the corporates so as to confirm the degree of assertiveness. Determinates and Method We have just discussed about the fact that there are various causes which enable a company to indulge into tax avoidance activities with aggression. Before one can establish strategies to prevent tax avoidance, understanding the ways and means of tax avoidance activities and the various methods is a must. One of the most striking example of tax avoidance is reflected in the difference between the accounting income and the taxable income. Tax avoidance tools and techniques does not create any kind of economic value. Thus if a corporate takes advantage of a particular income tax ruling simple because the wordings are unclear for availing tax benefits then the same is not illegal. There are various ways and means of avoiding taxes which are availed by the corporate houses. For example corporate expatriations via which a corporate is able to save on taxes simple by converting a subsidiary which is situated in a tax refuge into a holding company. Another way is investing into such countries where the tax rates are lower or exempt. Another very prominent method of tax avoidance is by doing off balance sheet funding wherein tax deductions are available but at the same time such funding does not put any pressure in the income statement. Thus it evident that the method of avoiding the payment of taxes is numerous and corporates who are involved in high rate of tax aggression are more prone towards transfer pricing. Former Treasurer, Wayne Swan accused BHP of indulging into aggressive transfer pricing activities thus avoiding a payment of A$5.7 billion of tax (Mangan, 2016). The corporates use this formula as a means to safeguard themselves from the consequences of tax avoidance in case of detection. But it is also equally important to appraise the fact that tax avoiding activities does not necessarily is done in lieu of saving upon taxes but also many a times it is due to a consequence of decisions which are taken for the development of the company. For example the accounting for depreciation, the same is calculated differently in both the accounting and the taxable forum but the same is a necessity and not by any malafide intention. The options available are numerous through deferred taxes to keeping of low debt for avoidance of tax. The regulators are inclined in taking reactive position than a preventive one. Just as methods of avoiding tax is important, similarly the causes and the basic drivers which steering the companies to become aggressive is important. The managers become over confident and too positive towards their decisions thus impacting the level of tax avoidance. Further the fees that the directors get from saving the taxes of the company is also one of the main drivers (Slemrod, 2004). Thus the trade off between the possible impacts of detection of tax avoidance and the benefit that the company had earned from saving tax is analysed. Economics Factors Avoidance of tax is nothing more than exploitation of the economy of the country in which the corporate house resides. A country with a strong governance rules is exposed to less exploitation as compared to a country with a weaker governance rule. Tax avoidance aggression is not the only factor responsible for the stability or instability of an economy. The ruling government is equally responsible. Further the financial crisis has led the economies more prone towards finding ways and means of avoiding tax. Further given the fact that the protection and safeguard of the stakeholders are more in common law countries as compared to the civil law countries, thus avoidance of tax in the civil law countries are more. Another method is basis the bank based or market based. Countries wherein the Common law rules, market based financial structure is more prevalent and those which use Civil law, bank based financial system is more acceptable in such countries. The main difference between th two is the method by which the organizations obtain funds. Wherein in the market based they obtain funds via selling shares in the market and shareholder investment and in the bank based they obtain funds via taking loans (Levine, 2002). Thus in a market based financial system, tax avoidance is more since the value of the stakeholders is a direct case of tax avoidance. Therefore it can be rightly said that the rule of law as well as the kind of financial system prevailing is also responsible for the level of tax avoidance aggression within the corporates. On analysing the various impacts and methods of tax avoidance as well as the level of aggression, research has proved that country which does not protect its shareholders well and the legal enforcement is also weak, shareholders may not give their consent when the companies avoid the payment of taxes, simply because diverted taxes will be eaten up by the managers (Beyer.2014). General anti-avoidance rules (GAARs) play a very important role across the globe to safeguard against the malicious intentions of the tax avoiders. In the year 2013, a plan was laid down to handle the tax avoidance strategies taken up by the various MNCs by the G20 summit specially in Europe and Australia, due to the lower taxes paid by bigger corporates. Further with the introduction of OECDs Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project and the desire of the government to curb the tax avoidance, GAAR is expected to play a more crucial role in ensuring curbing on the tax avoidance (Pwc.com. 2016). Web based entities were a new rage in this segment and the OECD had to lay a dedicated task force to examine the business models used by them thus probing into the fact that how these companies are ruling in different countries without paying taxes. Due to this in the year 2014, plan was rolled out restore taxation in those countries where these internet based companies conduct sales . This was a step towards protecting the economy against the low tax payments by these internet companies. Conclusion Thus the said research details about the concept with regards tax avoidance, the degree of the aggressiveness and the reasons behind the same. Further, it has been proved that countries with a stable economy, an honest government and stringent corporate governance rules are less prone to tax avoidance situations. Increasing tax avoidance has led to development of a more complicated tax codes in lieu of safeguarding the tax avoidance strategies. Since the year 2006, around 4500 Federal tax codes have been altered simply to cope up with the tax avoidance provisions. Transfer pricing is the most effective weapons used by the corporates to evade taxes thus defeating the very purpose of the said concept. The citizens and the corporates fail to understand that by avoiding taxes they are harming the revenues of the government which would indirectly have a negative impact on them. Thus even though steps are being taken for preventing and curbing the tax avoidance aggression, yet those with a n intention of not to pay find their way out in saving taxes. References: Beyer,B., (2014), Corporate Tax Avoidance Does The Level of Tax Aggressiveness Depend on Economic Factors?, Available at https://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfioulu-201403131179.pdf (Accessed 20 March 2017) Bond,S., Gammie,M., Whiting,J., (2006), Tax Avoidance, Available at https://www.ifs.org.uk/budgets/gb2006/06chap10.pdf (Accessed 20 March 2017) Desai,M.A., Dharmapala,D., (2009), Corporate Tax Avoidance and firm value, The review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 91, pp. 537-546 Mangan,J., (2016), There is one way to put a stop to BHPs tax avoidance, Available at https://theconversation.com/there-is-one-way-to-put-a-stop-to-bhps-tax-avoidance-65470 (Accessed 20 March 2017) Lexicon., (2015), Definition of Tax Avoidance, Financial Times [Online], Available at https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=tax-avoidance (Accessed 20 March 2017) Levine,R., (2002), Bank-based or market based financial system : Which is better?, Journal of Financial Intermediation, vol. 11, no.4, pp. 398-428 Pettinger,T., (2012), Tax Avoidance and tax evasion, Available at https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/tax-avoidance/ (Accessed 20 March 2017) Pwc.com., (2016), Recent global developments in general anti-avoidance rules, Available at https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/tax/newsletters/tax-controversy-dispute-resolution/assets/pwc-TCDR%20Insights-GAAR-recent-developments.pdf (Accessed 20 March 2017) Slemrod, J., (2004), The Economics of Corporate Tax Selfishness, National Tax Journal, vol. 57, no.4, pp. 877-899 Zhang,L., (2007), Tax Avoidance: Causes and Solutions, Available at https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/13/ZhangLBecky.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed 20 March 2017)