Friday, November 29, 2019

Biography of A. Philip Randolph, Civil Rights Activist

Biography of A. Philip Randolph, Civil Rights Activist Asa Philip Randolph was born April 15, 1889, in Crescent City, Florida, and died May 16, 1979, in New York City. He was a civil rights and labor activist, known for his role in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and for heading the March on Washington. He also influenced Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman to issue executive orders that banned discrimination and segregation in the defense industry and the armed forces, respectively. A. Philip Randolph Full Name: Asa Philip RandolphOccupation: Labor movement leader, civil rights activistBorn: April 15, 1889 in Crescent City, FloridaDied: May 16, 1979 in New York CityParents:  Rev. James William Randolph and Elizabeth Robinson RandolphEducation: Cookman InstituteSpouse: Lucille Campbell Green RandolphKey Accomplishments: Organizer of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, chair of the March on Washington, recipient of the Presidential Medal of FreedomFamous Quote: â€Å"Freedom is never granted; it is won. Justice is never given; it is exacted.† Early Years A. Philip Randolph was born in Crescent City, Florida, but grew up in Jacksonville. His father,  the Rev. James William Randolph, was a tailor and minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church; his mother, Elizabeth Robinson Randolph, was a seamstress. Randolph also had an older brother named James. Randolph likely inherited his activist streak from his parents, who taught him the importance of personal character, education, and standing up for oneself. He never forgot the night that his parents both armed themselves when a mob set out to lynch a man at the county jail. With a pistol beneath his coat, his father went to the jail to break up the mob. Meanwhile, Elizabeth Randolph stood watch at home with a shotgun. President of the Brotherhood A. Philip Randolph, sitting at his desk. Rex Hardy Jr. / Getty Images   This was not the only way his mother and father influenced him. Knowing that his parents valued education, Randolph excelled in school, as did his brother. They went to the Jacksonville area’s only school for black students at that time, the Cookman Institute. In 1907, he graduated as valedictorian of his class. An Activist in New York Four years after high school, Randolph moved to New York City with the hope of becoming an actor, but he gave up on his dream because his parents disapproved. Inspired by W.E.B. DuBois’ book â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk,† which explored African American identity, Randolph began to focus on sociopolitical issues. He also concentrated on his personal life, marrying a wealthy widow named Lucille Campbell Green in 1914. She was a businesswoman and a socialist, and she was able to provide financial support for her husband’s activism, including his oversight of a magazine called The Messenger. The publication had a socialist bent, and Columbia University student Chandler Owen ran it with Randolph. Both men were opposed to World War I and were monitored by the authorities for speaking out against the international conflict, which the United States became involved in during 1917. The war ended the following year, and Randolph pursued other forms of activism. Members of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first successful African-American Labor Union, proudly display their banner at a 1955 ceremony celebrating the organizations 30th anniversary. Asa Philip Randolph (1889-1979), Union president, seen wearing black and white shoes, holds up Brotherhood flag.   Bettmann  /  Contributor Starting In 1925, Randolph spent a decade fighting for the unionization of the Pullman porters, the black men who worked as baggage handlers and wait staff in the sleeping cars of trains. Randolph not only knew a great deal about unions, but he also did not work for the Pullman Company, which manufactured most of the railroad cars in the US during the first half of the 1900s. Since he did not have to fear that Pullman would retaliate against him for organizing, the porters thought he’d be a suitable representative for them. In 1935, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters finally formed, a huge victory. No African American labor union had been organized before. Taking on the White House Randolph parlayed his success with the Pullman porters into advocacy work for black workers at the federal level. As World War II unfolded, President Franklin Roosevelt would not give an executive order to prohibit racial discrimination in the defense industry. This meant that African American employees in this sector could be excluded from jobs based on race or paid unfairly. So, Randolph asked African Americans to march in Washington, D.C, to protest the president’s inaction against discrimination. Tens of thousands of black people were prepared to take to the streets of the nation’s capital until the president changed his mind. This forced  Roosevelt to take action, which he did by signing an executive order on June 25, 1941. Roosevelt also established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to see his order through. Additionally, Randolph played a key role in getting President Harry Truman to sign the Selective Service Act of 1947. This legislation outlawed racial segregation in the armed forces. During this time, black men and white men served in different units, and the former often were placed in high-risk situations without the proper resources to defend themselves. Desegregating the military was the key to giving black servicemen more opportunity and safety. US President Dwight Eisenhower (1890 - 1965) meets with Civil Rights leaders at the White House to discuss desegregation, Washington DC, June 23, 1958.   Abbie Rowe / Getty Images If President Truman had not signed the act, Randolph was ready to get men of all races to take part in mass nonviolent civil disobedience. It helped that Truman was counting on the black vote to win his reelection bid and knew that alienating African Americans would put his campaign at risk. This prompted him to sign the desegregation order. During the following decade, Randolph continued his activism. The new labor organization the AFL-CIO chose him as vice president in 1955. In this capacity, he continued to advocate for black workers, striving to desegregate labor unions, which had historically excluded African Americans. And in 1960, Randolph founded an organization exclusively focused on black workers’ rights. It was called the Negro American Labor Council, and he served as its president for six years. The March on Washington Mahatma Gandhi often gets the credit for influencing the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders to take a nonviolent approach to activism, but A. Philip Randolph was an inspiration to civil rights activists, too. Without using violence, he’d ushered in the formation of the first major black labor union and influenced two different presidents to sign executive orders to ban racial discrimination. Knowing how effective Randolph had been, the new crop of black activists followed his example. August 1963: More than 200,000 protesters gather to demand equal rights for black Americans on Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC. Among them are Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 - 1968) (4th L), A. Philip Randolph (2nd R) as well as Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young and Rabbi Joachim Prinz.   MPI / Getty Images When they called for 1963’s March on Washington, the biggest civil rights demonstration in the history of the United States, they appointed Randolph as chair of the event. There, an estimated 250,000 people turned out to march for jobs and freedom for African Americans, and witnessed King give his I Have a Dream speech, arguably his most memorable. Later Years While 1963 was certainly a standout year for Randolph because of the March on Washington’s success, it was also a tragic one. His wife, Lucille, died that year. The couple had no children. 1964 Wahington, DC: President Johnson presents A. Philp Randolph with the presidential Medal of Freedom. Bettmann  Ã‚  /  Contributor In 1964, Randolph turned 75 years old, but he continued being singled out for his advocacy work on behalf of African Americans. That year, President Lyndon Johnson honored him with the  Presidential Medal of Freedom. And in 1968, Randolph presided over the new A. Philip Randolph Institute, which works to garner African American support of trade unions. During this time, Randolph kept his position on the AFL-CIO Executive Council, leaving the role in 1974. A. Philip Randolph died on May 16, 1979, in New York City. He was 90 years old. Sources â€Å"A. Philip Randolph.† AFL-CIO.â€Å"Hall of Honor Inductee: A. Philip Randolph.† US Department of Labor.

Monday, November 25, 2019

buy custom Culture of Japan essay

buy custom Culture of Japan essay The recorded history of Japan began when the Yamato clan, based in Kyoto, managed to control other family clans and groups in western and central Japan. This was in approximately A. D. 600. In Japan, Buddhism was introduced through its interactions with Korea during that time. China influenced Japan much in the 700s, and the imperial courts, similar to ones in China, were set up by the Yamato clan. The authority of the imperial courts was undermined in the ensuing centuries, and the vied control was taken by the powerful gentry families. A fame distinct class of warrior clans (Samurai) was rising at the same time (Japan, 2000). The growing culture and nationalism of Japan are occasioned by the nations desire to develop a more autonomous foreign policy and to enhance its military power. Many Japanese people are committed to realize the return of the ever powerful Japan in the past (Harootunian, 2000). Fomenting nationalism among the people of Japan is considered a very vital developme nt increasing and support for a well-built military. Even though in the past, such degrees of nationalism would be restricted based on the nations recognition of its fierce expansion all through East Asia in the early 20th century. In modern times, the society of Japan has greatly seen a lot of changes. The recollections of the actions of Japan prior to and after the WWII are slowly fading away (Dower, 1999). Compared to Japan, China is experiencing a dramatic power increase. Japan happens to be one of the few nations of pre-historic times with the almost homogenous population. Modernization has significantly played a role in the nationalism of Japan. Modernization started in 1869 with the inauguration of the Meiji Restoration. Before that time, the policy of the government of Japan was to deter the entrance and influence of the rest of other nations on it. However, the Opium War of Britain against the United States and China put pressure on Japan. Japan was thus forced to leave its policy of isolation and to start the formation of the modern nation (Hobsbawm, 1992). In the following years Japan began adopting more developed systems from the United States and Europe. One of the systems was the sovereignty concept and the nature of the Government as evident in the Prussian Empire. It was characterized by the establishment of a state which was highly centralized. Previously, Japan was a kind of federal state. Its basic unit of organization was ruled by the feudal relations. Consequently, Japanese got a more clear awareness of themselves. People of the country began regarding themselves as Japanese. This was a clear indication that they stopped seeing themselves as citizens belonging to a clan. They became members of a big Japanese nation (Hein and Selden, 2000). The Constitution of the Empire of Japan or Meiji Constitution was introduced in 1890. Since that year, Japan has all along been a constitutional monarchy. A new Constitution was established by legal advi sers to the Allied occupation forces and approved by the Parliament in 1947. The constitution gives equality based on sex, extends suffrage to all mature citizens, emphasizes the postwar renunciation of the emperor, concerning claims to the divine nature, and assigns the emperor a symbolic duty as head of state. The Parliament of Japan referred to as the Diet comprises the House of Councilors together with the House of Representatives.The desirable political model adopted in pre-historic times became the one that rescued Japan from Asia for both political leaders and powerful intellectuals. All the same, this was not an indication that Japan was completely westernized. The main agenda was to study the western system of politics and technology as well. There was a suppressed awareness amongst the people of Japan that they were not like the whites. The Japanese regarded themselves as superior to the rest of the world in spiritual and cultural matters (Takemae, 2002). From pre-historic times, the culture of Japan was greatly influenced by the culture from China and Korea. However, with the Meiji Restoration, the nation started to feel that Korea and China were inferior in matters of culture. They depicted this by detaching themselves from other Asian nations. Japan adopted imperialism unconditionally in the 1930s and invaded some Asian countries. This fact was seen as a move to liberate the people of Asia from the powers of the West. The WWII in the Pacific between the United States and Japan was described as a racial war that was remorseless (Connor, 1994). All through a bigger part of the postwar times, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), a conventional part with close connections to business and the national bureaucracy, controlled the national politics. The LDP was in ideally a coalition amongst semiautonomous factions leaders, and its trademark was intricate backroom deals and compromises. The split of the party took place in the year of 1993. It resulted in a number of factions ending up as independent political parties. The national realm and the ministries of the Government wield a lot of power (Estor, 2007). Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the levels of the elite in the national bureaucracy were given a lot of respect. In quite a number of areas, the ministries established a certain policy, and the politicians approved the opinions presented by the bureaucrats (Shirane and Tomi, 2001). The respect and prestige accorded to the ministries of the Government have plunged since the 1980s as a reaction to the economic downfall and largely publicized incidents of incompetence and corruption. The 1947 Constitution renounced the use of the force of military and bans the state from keeping armed forces. All the same, Japan maintains what is called a self-defense force with enough weaponry and personnel anchored by the growing Japanese budget.As to the religious matters, Shinto is a modern term for a system of religious gods and be liefs concerning the connection between persons, the environment in its nature, and the state at large. Shintos teachings refer to Japan as the unique land of gods. The religion in Japan does not have a formal scripture or dogma (Estor, 2007). Based on the history of Japan, Buddhism and Shinto have influenced each other in their coexistence in Japan. Shinto is closely related to a nationalist ideology and the imperial family. Buddhism was brought to Japan from China and Korea. It has two main branches: Teravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Generally, Teravada Buddhism is the branch of religion that takes course in Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia; whereas Mahayana is the branch of religion that impacted the Japanese, Korean and Chinese civilizations. Teravada means "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching" in Sanskrit. Teravada teaches the availability of salvation to a chosen few and more in particular to people who endeavor to gain enlightenment and do good works that will promote the ability of that person to surpass the snares of the mortal existence. The Teravada teaching focuses mainly on monastic communities.Currently, Japan is speedily building a legal system of military. The nationalistic sense and culture of Japan are rising, specifically towards North Korea (Cwiertka, 2007). This nationalism is somehow different from that which was experienced before 1945 that centered on arms. Under the Japan-US security administration, there is no objective of implementing armed force against the West, specifically the United States and Europe. Japan apparently learnt one thing from the WWII that it had to cooperate with the United States. Instead of being the sense common to the people of Japan, it is a turn of phrase of the lessons learnt through the people in power who consider that it was the United States power that defeated them in the WWII. Therefore, since then, Japan has become a chief economic power in the world. Japanese culture and na tionalism is thus a response to what the nation perceives as a changing power balance in the East Asia. Buy custom Culture of Japan essay

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reaction paper - Essay Example Upon reading Judea’s move against Germany, I find it strange because what has been impressed upon me is that Germany was always on the offensive side. Having watched documentaries about Holocaust, I find it particularly absurd to hear for the first time that Germany was being attacked ( symbolically) by the Jews. First, rich American Jews conspired to make Jews leave Germany so they can return to their promised land. At first, this move seems to be an outcome of a religious struggle that started way back biblical times. But as you read the article and some commentaries about the whole event, it was an insidious event that had political intentions. Even the Jews in Germany were not even bothered by the Germans which comes as a surprise. So what led Germany to the brink of despair that made it round up Jews? The answer would all be found on the transcripts of Freedman’s speech. Indeed, there was no other recourse but to read the second article to know the truth. If Judeaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s declaration of war was a surprise, Benjamin Freedman’s speech was really a revelation. I believe that all history subjects should require these two important documents to get the other side of the story. Numerous clarifications have been made as what role the Jews assumed during WWI and WWII.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring Essay - 3

Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring transformed market, productive and financial performance - Essay Example The terms of the agreement are that Nokia will essentially transfer the whole of its Devices and Services business, which is the business division that makes Nokias cellular handsets, including all of the manufacturing facilities and more than 32,000 employees. This division is responsible for half of the total revenues of Nokia in 2012, and includes about 4,700 personnel who are based in Finland. That said, the deal does not include the portfolio of patents that Nokia has, which in essence will remain with Nokia, along with the Chief Office of Technology. This deal was approved by shareholders of Nokia in late 2013, and is touted by its leaders as the best alternative for the maximization of the value of the shareholders (Nokia 2013; Stoll 2014; Ricknas 2014; Microsoft 2013; Ando and Rigby 2013; Garside 2013; Shankland 2013; Easa 2014). The deal also includes the licensing of all of Nokias portfolio of patents in Nokias portfolio for a span of 10 years, but this will not be exclusive, meaning that Nokia reserves the right to license its patents to other parties, and to make use of the patents for its own product development and related business purposes. A substantial portion of the sale price, 1.65 billion euros, is for this patent deal, to which Microsoft has the option to extend after the decade-long agreement expires, and that extension privilege is indefinite in its extent in time. Part of the deal also licenses Nokias mapping platform HERE to Microsoft, over a period of four years, and this part of the deal is expected to generate revenues for Nokia equal to the amount of revenues that HERE generates within Nokia (Nokia 2013; Stoll 2014; Ricknas 2014; Microsoft 2013; Ando and Rigby 2013). The deal transforms Nokia into a company that was in financial trouble from the losses in its devices unit into a powerhouse of important patents in the telecoms space, as well as an important provider of telecommunications infrastructure in Nokia

Monday, November 18, 2019

Gender Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Roles - Essay Example On Fridays, Muslim congregations set children, woman and men in distinct groups. While at home, men are regarded as the heads of households, and they are the ones that lead the prayers (Okkenhaug & Flaskerud, 2005). Within a marriage context, mothers are highly appreciated, and the greatest achievement for a woman is motherhood. While in the family, a believer is not permitted to treat his wife in a harsh manner, even if he does not like her. Today, most scholars stipulate that husbands are supposed to treat their wives based on societal norms, and emphasize on mutual agreement while making family decisions (Moghadam, 2003). In the Middle East context, the role that each gender plays is guided by religion and culture, which creates room for a cruel tradition. The factors that contribute to the oppression of women in India consist of religious, economic, education and the various geographical locations in the country (Chakrapani & Kumar, 2002). Women are associated with low social status, though most of the practices that Hindus engage in are dedicated to them. However, most of the laws in India do not treat woman fairly like men (Nanda, 2009). Therefore, it is evident that the diverse roles that genders play are associated with the different cultural practices and the geographical location of a particular society. The history of women has not been well documented prior to 1500 because the word â€Å"man† stood for both men and women. As a result it was believed by most student scholars that history only comprised of men. In Middle East, just like men women revolved around the normal activities of war, diplomacy and industry. According to the Middle East history, there are some activities that women have played a greater role than men (Okkenhaug & Flaskerud, 2005). These activities include: healthcare, childbearing, cloths production, arts and religion. In the current society, women are engaged in vast activities that they were not

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Effect of Public Place for Urban Poor’s Benefit in Kind

Effect of Public Place for Urban Poor’s Benefit in Kind Introduction The development of cities was marked by the amount of people living in them. The demand of descent infrastructure services was fulfilled with the construction of infrastructure that fulfills the needs of low, middle and upper class people in the society. Nevertheless, the phenomenon that happened in Indonesia cities is with the construction of large scale infrastructures, there are more poor people living near them. With the rapid growth of city development, poverty is globally moving into the cities. Few conditions that caused by poverty are: people who don’t have a sustainable access, created slum area; almost everyday, cities are filled with vagrants and beggars; a large gap in education and health services between the rich and the poor; the formation of slum area caused by the population growth from the rapid flow of urbanization or migration. Until 2010, there are dozens of public infrastructures like health, education, trade and open space facilities gave attractions and opportunities for poor people multiplier effects. According to Jung et al (Jung, S et al, 2009), government expenditures for public facilities was purposed to eradicate poverty level in cities. However, the development of public facilities as one of city attractions can cause the migration of poor people to the cities. Globalisation, migration and social exclusion are often the keywords employed to explain this process of spatial concentration of especially long-term unemployed and immigrant and ethnic minority communities. The availability of public facilities as an attraction factor for poor people activities are analyzed using Geoda to identify spatial effect (Anselin, et al, 2004). Poverty in the City According to the World Bank Institute (2005), poverty is a lack of well-being where the poor can be defined as someone who does not have enough income or minimum adequate consumption levels. Poverty can be defined based on the monetary value, the type of consumption, housing, or the poor health. The macro approach on poverty and well-being focused on individuals ability to function in society, such as income, education, health, powerlessness, and lack of freedom in politics. According to Vincen (Vincen, 2009), poverty is a multidimensional problem that goes beyond economic issues as it relates to social, political, and cultural. Poverty is a form of human conflicts resulting from reactions due to lack of basic needs, biological, and psychological. Characteristics of urban poverty can be reviewed based on three-dimensional indicators of poverty. Based on the national poverty reduction strategy by Bappenas (2004), the three-dimensional nature of poverty can be use to measured in-kind benefits such as: Income. Income are affected by poor peoples livelihood that has shortcomings in terms of skill and willingness resulting non-permanent work. Most of the income derived from employment in the informal sector, because the formal sector is not able to absorb low-skilled labor. Other occupations carried out by the urban poor are high risk occupations where there are no guarantees of sustainability. The impacts derived from the low income are problems in the ownership of land and basic services. Education. The urban poor have limited access to educational services caused by the gap of education costs, limited educational facilities, cost of education, limited access to education; high education costs both direct and indirect costs (Bappenas, 2004). The impact of these problems are the poor people are not able to get a steady job, lack of constructive activities to improve the skills of young people of school age, and gender inequalities. Health. Poor people who work in the informal sector are at risk of having a low income. This causes an inability to reach basic services such as decent housing. The urban poor are dominated by people who do not have a chance urbanization decent tenure thus creating a slum area. The physical condition of housing and income limitations will lead to low purchasing power for accessing health and preserving the environment. Infrastructure Services Utoro (Utoro, 2006) suggested that services embody the organization of to the community as the fulfillment of needs and interests. Public services fulfill primary need which includes service levels, patterns of distribution, outreach, and the tendency of the level of need. Most of the infrastructure can be regarded as a public facility, the facilities provided by the government or private managed in order to meet the needs of the community are typically in the form of roads, bridges, buildings, open spaces, and so on. Social activities and economic activities characterize the development of a city. One indicator of the dynamic development of the city can be seen from the economic conditions of the city (urban economic). In general, the characteristics of urban development can be determined by the capacity of infrastructure and facilities in a city. That condition indicates that the infrastructure and facilities are very vital part in the development of a city. Infrastructure is a key foundation in social and economic activities. According to Dardak (Dardak, 2008), infrastructure services are part of the public sector to enable private sector and household consumption activities. The dynamics of the economy of a city is determined by how much the efficiency of the use of space or land-use patterns for the activity of the economic infrastructure in the city. The economic development of the city will be determined by the dynamics of trading systems that exist in the city and also in the surrounding area. Klojen District Klojen District located in Malang urban center area has the most complete public facilities services and the most densed population in Malang urban area. According to Klojen District Detailed Plan year 2010-2030, Klojen District is planned as the center for regional service for Malang city. Klojen District functioned as the center for education, trade, public service and public administration. According to Malang Statistic Biro (BPS) data year 2011, there are 10.328 poor household living in Klojen District. Methods To identify whether there are neighbouring spatial effect between benefit in kind for the poor in public space and public space services using Geoda, the Klojen District is divided into 37 blocks as analysis unit, using physical boundary (road and river), administration boundary and the distribution of public space. The public space characteristics used in this research are: accesibility, service level, capacity, sidewalk availability, sidewalk pavement, parking availability, open space availability, lighting, security, visitor and activities. Whilst public space benefit in kind for the poor are divided into economic, education and health benefits. Collecting data is used questionnaires to obtain information from the respondents and field observations to obtain data of infrastructure services. The multiple spatial regression is used to create a model of relationship of infrastructure services and benefit in kind the poor. In this research, Geographic Information System (GIS) by ArcMap is used as basic data to analisys in spatial statistic program. Using computer program known as GeoDa, spatial autocorrelation, Moran’s I values, and spatial regression for each variable was able to be calculated. The results of the analysis presented in following: Spatial weights, which describes the relationship between the neighborhood polygons with another polygon. In this analysis will note the number of blocks that are affected and will be included in the model equations; Formula spatial model with the multiple regression model as follows Y1= A.W+ B + a.X1 + b. X2 + c.X3 + d.X4 + e.X5 + f. X6 + ..+k.X27(1) Y2= A.W+ B + a.X1 + b. X2 + c.X3 + d.X4 + e.X5 + f. X6 + ..+k.X27(2) Y3= A.W+ B + a.X1 + b. X2 + c.X3 + d.X4 + e.X5 + f. X6 + ..+k.X27(3) Y1: Economic Benefit (Rp) Y2: Education Benefit (Rp) Y3: Health Benefit (Rp) A: Lambda W: Spatial Weight B: Constants a-k: Variabel Coeffisient X1-11: Independent Variables Spatial multiple regression analysis performed spatial weight and the value of Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Lag and Lagrange Multiplier (LM). The spatial model based on the results of statistical tests that showed the significant value and also it can be seen by the largest value of determinant coefficient (R2). Table 1. Blocks code in Klojen, Malang No Sub District Block code No Sub District Block code 1 Rampal Celaket 65111-1 20 Kasin 65117-2 2 Klojen 65111-2 21 Kasin 65117-3 3 Klojen 65111-3 22 Kasin 65117-4 4 Klojen 65111-4 23 Sukoharjo 65118-1 5 Klojen 65111-5 24 Sukoharjo 65118-2 6 Klojen 65111-6 25 Sukoharjo 65118-3 7 Samaan 65112-1 26 Sukoharjo 65118-4 8 Samaan 65112-2 27 Sukoharjo 65118-5 9 Samaan 65112-3 28 Kauman 65119-1 10 Penanggungan 65113-1 29 Kauman 65119-2 11 Penanggungan 65113-2 30 Kauman 65119-3 12 Gadingkasri 65115-1 31 Kauman 65119-4 13 Gadingkasri 65115-2 32 Oro-Oro Dowo 65119-5 14 Gadingkasri 65115-3 33 Oro-Oro Dowo 65119-6 15 Gadingkasri 65115-4 34 Oro-Oro Dowo 65119-7 16 Bareng 65116-1 35 Kiduldalem 65119-8 17 Bareng 65116-2 36 Kiduldalem 65119-9 18 Bareng 65116-3 37 Kiduldalem 65119-10 19 Kasin 65117-1 Benefit in Kind According to Suwandi (Suwandi, 2004), the poor in urban and rural areas should be able to obtain basic services consisting of economic, educational, and health. Economic benefits, the amount of the benefit that is obtained directly from the income received each month by the community so that it can be used as a savings or investment. Benefits of Education. In the economic benefit, education can be used as one of the indirect benefits received. Educational benefits are the amount of rupiahs set aside for educational purposes such as schools, courses, equipment purchases, and so on. Health Benefits. In addition to education, health can be used as one of the indirect benefits received. Health benefits are the amount of rupiahs set aside for health reasons such as health insurance, the benefit of treatment, and so on. Value of benefit in kind and infrastructure variables in each block is represented by highest value, lowest value, and average value. The minimum and maximum value show the benefit from services that in each blocks, while the average value is the general description of services provided by the blocks. Results Accessibility Accessibility is measured by distance (in meters) between the poor settlements and public facility. A maximum accessibility value à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹is 22.000 meters, while the minimum value is 50 m. This phenomenon suggests that there were a lot of different accessibility characteristics. Poor peoples that worked in the infrastructure services are not only lived in Klojen, but also have been coming from outside of Malang. Level of infrastructure Level of infrastructure is measured by scale of services. Hierarchy of infrastructure level is divided into three levels (districts, cities, and regional). Maximum value of infrastructure level is located in block 65112-2 because there are facilities which serve districts, cities, and regional scale. Capacity of facilities Capacity of facility is measured by area (in square meter) where the activity of poor people conducted in each blcoks. The maximum capacity or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the largest facilities is 29,100 m2, while the minimum value of the variable is 300 m2. Capacity of facilities Capacity of facility is measured by area (in meter square) where the activity of poor people happened for each blocks. The maximum capacity or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the largest facilities is 29,100 m2, while the minimum value of the variable is 300 m2. Pavementt Pavement is measured by the types of pavement of the pedestrian way where the activity of poor people conducted in each block. Pavement variable are divided into 4 types: cement, paving, soil, and without pedestrian way. The highest score is located in block 65117-2 where there are full of cement pedestrian way that supports and facilitates people activities. Open space area Open space area is measured by the area (in square meter) of open space where the activity of poor people happened for each block. Maximum value is 2500 m2 and it’s located in 65119-8, while the minimum value is located in blocks without open space facilities. Number of lighting Lighting is measured by the number of lighting facilities where the activity of poor people conducted in each block. The maximum value of variable is 24 lightings and located in block 65111-1 and 65111-4. The minimum value is located in blocks without lighting facilities. Number of security Security variable is measured by the number of security posts where the activity of poor people conducted in each block. A maximum value à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹is 6 security posts, while the minimum values are located in block without security facilities. Number of Visitor Visitor is measured by the number of visitors per day to the facility where the activity of poor people conducted in each block. Maximum value of this variable is 5,000 visitors per day, while the minimum value of the variable is 25 visitors per day. The number of visitors is related to the infrastructure scale. The economic benefits The economic benefits are measured by the value of income (in rupiahs) that was earned every month because of the poor’s working activities in infrastructure services in each block. A maximum economic benefit is Rp12.000.000 per month and it is located in 65119-5, while the minimum value is Rp300.000 per month. Educational benefits Educational benefits are measured by the value of income which can be saved to education purpose (in rupiahs) that was collected every month because of the poor’s working activities in infrastructure services in each block. Maximumt educational is Rp 1.500.000 per month, while the minimum value is Rp 0. Health Benefits Health benefits are measured by the value of income which can be saved to health purpose (in rupiahs) that was earned every month because of working activities in infrastructure services in each block. Maximum value of the health benefits is Rp500.000 per month, while the minimum value is only Rp3000 per month. Spatial autocorrelation is the correlation of a variable to itself through space. This means that spatial autocorrelation quantifies everything are related to everything else, but nearer things are more related than distant things. By investigating spatial autocorrelation, it is possible to test the strength of spatial autocorrelation throughout a map. Meanwhile, Moran’s I is the statistical standard for determining spatial autocorrelation. The strength of autocorrelation is based on a range from -1 to 1. As the resulting product of the Moran’s I calculation approaches 1, the stronger the spatial correlation. Based on the analysis, Moran’s I value of 0.2782, 0.2397 and 0.1152 for all dependent variables, the amount of spatial autocorrelation is minimal. This suggests that where economic, education, and health benefits are located is a function of randomness. Meanwhile, benefits value in the nearest neighbouring blocks is not much affect the high value of benefits in each block. Using Geoda spatial regression, Moran’s I test and Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA), obtained neighbouring spatial correlation model between urban public space characteristics with benefit in kind for urban poor. Table 1 Benefit in Kind Spatial Regression Model Spatial Regression Model Y1 = 1435434+ 0,2837605.W + 483262,9.X10 + 167479,6.X18 Y2 = -2600942 – 0,3221031.W + 20,94021.X1 + 15,33539.X5 + 3581828.X10 + 158529.X11 + 145914,6.X18+ 212624,8.X19 – 304595,4.X20– 368676,7.X21 + 654824,5.X23 Y3 = 22567,75 + 0,1570038.W + 2026,002.X14 + 385,74.X15 + 51283,1.X18 +69346,33.X19 99900,86.X20 + 230,9778.X24 +248,4346.X25 Y1 : Maximum Economic Benefit Y2: Maximum Education Benefit Y3: Maximum Health Benefit W: Spatial Weight (Neighbouring effect) X1: Maximum Accesibility X5: Maximum Capacity X10: Average Sidewalk Width X11: Sidewalk pavement X14: Average Parking Space X15: Maximum Open Space X18: Maximum Lighting X19: Minimum Lighting X20: Average Lighting X21: Maximum Security Post X23: Average Security Post X24: Maximum Visit X25: Minimum Visit Conclusion Cluster Map of Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) shows that the value of each benefit in kinds is not concentrated in a particular region based on the autocorrelation value. This suggests that economic, education, and health benefits are located is a random function. Whereas, benefits value in the nearest neighbour block is not much affecting the high value of benefits in block. Implicitly, the models suggests that the poor act rationally in determining the location of work based of infrastructure services that provide advantages more than the groups of nearest infrastructure in neighboring blocks. Bibliography Anselin, et al. 2004. Geoda: An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis. USA: Urbana Champaign Badan Pusat Statistik.2012. Perkembangan Beberapa Indikator Utama Sosial-Ekonomi Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia Bappenas.2004. Strategi Nasional Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Bab II. Jakarta: Bappenas Dardak, H. 2008. Pembangunan Infrastruktur secara Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Penataan Ruang. Direktorat Jendral Penataan Ruang Jung, S et al. 2009. Public Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in Southern United States. Presented at the Southern Agriculture Economics Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta January 31-February Suwandi. 2004. Perencanaan dan Strategi Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Daerah.Jakarta: SMERU Utoro, R.I. 2006. Kajian Optimalisasi dan Tingkat Pelayanan Sarana Dasar di Kota Kecamatan Jalancagak-Subang. Tesis Dipublikasikan. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. Vincen, B. 2009. The Relationship between Poverty, Conflict, and Development. Journal of Sustainable Development. 2(1): 15-28 World Bank Institute. 2005. Introduction to Poverty Analysis: Poverty Manual.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Legalize Pot :: essays research papers

The Decriminalization of Cannabis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cannabis Sativa, the illegal strain of hemp known as marijuana, provides numerous benefits that greatly outweigh the harmful effects of the drug. The perceivable physical and social problems of excessive use of marijuana are severe, yet unproven. These problems are easily related to those posed by excessive alcohol consumption on a regular basis. There are a variety of advantages of the legalization of marijuana that can be categorized as medical, social, and economical improvements. Although the harmful side effects such as brain damage caused by the use of marijuana have not been proven, as the only government licensed testing for this effect was unmercifully biased, the advantages of the drug in a medical context have been repeatedly proven. Marijuana is known to slow the influences of diseases including AIDS, glaucoma, epilepsy, certain forms of cancer, and many more fatal and incurable ailments. Currently, approximately 150,000 citizens of Ontario alone suffer from diseases that marijuana would help to lessen, but due to the stringency of federal and provincial laws only 50 of these people are granted exemption. The war on drugs endangers us all. Police react towards the age groups who are commonly rumoured to use these drugs severely. The sad fact is that crime is induced by the actions of law officials. People are forced to very dangerously smuggle marijuana in and out of the country. Sales of the drug have seeped into every tiny crevice of our communities. This could be stopped almost instantly with the licensing of sales in stores and specialized cafà ©s. Also, it is rumoured that marijuana is a gateway drug to harder, more dangerous substances like cocaine and heroin. The reasoning behind this is that a large portion of hard drug users smoked marijuana before advancing to harder drugs. The flaw in this reasoning is that the majority of marijuana users have never before used hard drugs. The nation's economy would undoubtedly be one of the largest beneficiaries of the legalization of marijuana. By adding steep tariffs on import, export, and sales of marijuana, Canada’s revenue would be increased greatly, adding money that could go towards lowering taxes, lowering the national debt, and increasing healthcare and national security. The prices of marijuana, despite the high taxes, would be significantly lowered due to the decrease of danger from prosecution. The current street prices of marijuana range from $150 to $250 per ounce of low-grade bud.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Hills Like White Elephants Analysis

Sand Slides Like Lambs Have you ever looked at the West Elk mountains and seen the lamb in the side of Mt. Lamborn? The reason it is called that is because of the sandy slide that resembles a sheep much like the Cantabrian mountains of Spain resemble white elephants. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† (1927), written by Ernest Hemingway, is about a young, unmarried couple, the American and Jig, who are sitting at a train station in Spain, apprehensively discussing an abortion for Jig. The story starts with Jig looking at the surrounding hills and talking about different types of alcohol.There is a following conversation between the two where they talk about their relationship post-abortion. There is not a definite conclusion to their discussion, and it is left up to the reader to infer. In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Hemingway utilizes symbolization, characterization, and conflict to create a tense story between a young man and lady and give a clue as to whether or not the couple proceeds to get the abortion or not. Hemingway uses dialogue to develop conflict to show that even without a lot of clues, the couple is still arguing about something.The first example is when the woman suggests that the hills look like white elephants but the man says he’s never seen one. In response she remarks, â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have,† in a way that makes it sound as if she didn’t intend for her comment to be nice. Then, further into the story, the conversation dies down and the woman says, â€Å"They don’t really look like white elephants. I just meant the colouring of their skin through the trees. † By saying this the woman is almost scared of being wrong in the eyes of the man, so she submissively changes her own opinion to conform with his.The woman creates a lot of the conflict but an example of the man doing this is when he keeps insisting on things until the girl is finally fed up and asks him, â€Å"Will you please †¦ stop talking? † This line is important because it shows the attitude and brashness of the man which is characterization, as I’ll talk about in my next paragraph. Characterization plays a prominent role in the story because the reader never gets to hear the thoughts of the characters, only their conversation and actions.For instance, upon arriving in the train station, the woman instantly begins to look at her surroundings, looking off at the line of hills, and commenting on them. When she does this it is like Hemingway wants readers to see Jig as a person who is more aware of new ideas and possibilities . He makes the American the opposite, however. Whenever the girl begins to look off at at something, she is quickly brought back to reality because the American wants to talk about what he thinks is important. The American is also less tactful when talking about the abortion.He constantly refers to it as an operation, â€Å"just to let the air in,† whereas Jig never even mentions it. With Jig never mentioning the operation because it is taboo and saying things like, â€Å"And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me,† makes her seem inferior and dependent on the American (WriteWork Contributors). She sounds childish and thinks that the only way to be happy is to please the American man. Hemingway’s characterization creates two conflicting personalities that raises the tension and gives the reader a sense of actually sitting at a table near them, eavesdropping.The most important element in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is symbolization because there are a lot of ideas and words that don’t have the same impact as they do when there is a concrete object resembling it. One of the most important symbols in this story was the bead curtain that hangs and separates the kitchen from the dining area. The meaning behind the curtain is to separate one thi ng from another, like the American and Jig’s opinion on keeping the baby. Painted on the curtain is â€Å"Anis del Toro† which is booze of the bull (Shmoop Editorial Team). This alludes to how meaningful alcohol is in the story.When Jig says, â€Å"That’s all we do, isn’t it – look at things and try new drinks,† it seems that they are frequent party-goers, and that may be how she got pregnant in the first place. Then they try the Anis del Toro and Jig comments, â€Å"Everything tastes of liquorice. Especially all the things you’ve waited so long for. † Maybe after a few years of hard partying she realizes that it isn’t all that great and tastes of vile licorice. These two lines together make her think that settling down and making a family may be what she actually wants. Furthermore the very landscape that the story is set in is a symbol.The narrator mentions, â€Å"On this side there was no shade and no trees and the s tation was between two lines of rails in the sun,† implying that the current situation was very barren and dry. But then later in the story, â€Å"The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro,† which portrays a very green, fertile landscape. Hemingway uses these two descriptions to symbolize and contrast Jig’s decision of whether or not she will carry out the abortion. Hemingway’s usage of symbols helps enrich the story. Hills Like White Elephants† had several important techniques such as conflict, characterization, and symbolization to make a dramatic story about a man and woman and their differences. After finishing the story, many readers are able to infer that they did not keep the baby. This is because the last line is Jig pleasing the man and denying that she is feeling anything but â€Å"fine. † Geography can be simple landmarks, or it can b e complex symbols for taboo topics. Works Cited Edwards, Fred. â€Å"Critical Analysis. † House of Desmond. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. . Hemingway, Ernest . â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Anchorage School District.Web. 15 Feb. 2013. . â€Å"Katy's American Literature Blog: Symbolism in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. † Katy's American Literature Blog. 29 Jan. 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.. Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants Drugs and Alcohol Quotes Page 1† Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"The Bamboo Bead Curtain in Hills Like White Elephants† Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. WriteWork contributors. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants: Jig Character Analysis† WriteWork. com. 19 February, 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Cougar

Hunting Cougars with Dogs Sen. Jim Hargrove said, â€Å" If you see a cougar, it’s probably because you’re his game†(Cougar Tales). Ever since voters banned hunting cougars with dogs in 1994, since the passing of Measure 18 the number of cougars taken on damage and human safety complaints has increased. Also since the ban, cougars are starting to work their way into towns and into human contact. Undoubtedly, the cougar population has risen because of the ban of the use of dogs. Since the ban of hunting cougars was passed in 1994, the cougar population has been growing fast, showing up in places where they didn’t before. They have been known to take domestic animals and stalk joggers and bikers on trails. On the trails that lead down from four corners right here in Ashland, Ryker Thorton, a friend of mine, had a cougar jump out in front of him as he road his bike down the trails. Even though he wasn’t attacked he said â€Å"being that close to a cougar unexpectedly is a scary especially without any protection.† During hunting season this year, Colon Brown was hunting deer up by Pilot Rock, when he found himself eighteen steps away from a cougar that had been stalking him. He heard a stick break and turned to see a cougar crouched down like it was ready to attack; he pulled out his pistol killing the cougar. The other story that hit the news that we all were able to hear about, was the resent mauling of Anne Hjelle. While riding with her friend Debi Nicholls in Orange County’s Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park, Hjelle was attacked. Nicholls had Hjelle by the feet as the cougar tried to drag her into the brush by her head and the other rescues threw rocks at the cougar. Police lead a search that lead to the killing of a two-year-old 110-pound cougar, and the discovery of another body that was found dead and partially buried fifty yards away from were the cougar was killed (Outside Magazine). The body was later determine... Free Essays on Cougar Free Essays on Cougar Hunting Cougars with Dogs Sen. Jim Hargrove said, â€Å" If you see a cougar, it’s probably because you’re his game†(Cougar Tales). Ever since voters banned hunting cougars with dogs in 1994, since the passing of Measure 18 the number of cougars taken on damage and human safety complaints has increased. Also since the ban, cougars are starting to work their way into towns and into human contact. Undoubtedly, the cougar population has risen because of the ban of the use of dogs. Since the ban of hunting cougars was passed in 1994, the cougar population has been growing fast, showing up in places where they didn’t before. They have been known to take domestic animals and stalk joggers and bikers on trails. On the trails that lead down from four corners right here in Ashland, Ryker Thorton, a friend of mine, had a cougar jump out in front of him as he road his bike down the trails. Even though he wasn’t attacked he said â€Å"being that close to a cougar unexpectedly is a scary especially without any protection.† During hunting season this year, Colon Brown was hunting deer up by Pilot Rock, when he found himself eighteen steps away from a cougar that had been stalking him. He heard a stick break and turned to see a cougar crouched down like it was ready to attack; he pulled out his pistol killing the cougar. The other story that hit the news that we all were able to hear about, was the resent mauling of Anne Hjelle. While riding with her friend Debi Nicholls in Orange County’s Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park, Hjelle was attacked. Nicholls had Hjelle by the feet as the cougar tried to drag her into the brush by her head and the other rescues threw rocks at the cougar. Police lead a search that lead to the killing of a two-year-old 110-pound cougar, and the discovery of another body that was found dead and partially buried fifty yards away from were the cougar was killed (Outside Magazine). The body was later determine...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Essay on Writing Is a Passion

Essay on Writing Is a Passion Essay on Writing Is a Passion Jordy Rodriguez May 28, 2013 ENG 102 Mr. Louis Writing Is A Passion After years and years of school, thirteen years to be exact, I have noticed that reading and writing have always been my strongest subjects. I am fortunate enough to have the ability to have an open-mindset, which helps ideas come to mind extremely fast. Writing has become my passion, through writing, you can easily tell what kind of person someone is, from the way they format their paper, to the grammar used to complete their essays. Although writing and reading may seem like they come hand-in-hand, I believe otherwise. Writing involves reading, but reading does not involve writing. Throughout my educational life, I have noticed that reading and writing are two huge factors in education. You are required to read and write in mostly every class you will have throughout your life. From a math class, to your English class, there will always be some form of reading and writing. Although it may not seem like if reading and writing are key factors, they are, reading and writing involve t he brain to think to an enormous extent, when it comes to reading and writing, everything is possible. Your mind is opened up and you have the ability to come up with a million ideas, both reading and writing really get your mind working. Through writing I have been able to express myself much more than I can when speaking. When speaking there is no â€Å"rough draft† you cannot re-phrase or re-word any of your original ideas. Rather than when writing, you can edit your writing all you want before anyone reads your work. You have the ability to re-word words that have been utilized too much, or maybe you just want to add some â€Å"spice† to your paper. Writing has helped me throughout my school years because I am the kind of person who can think and come up with ideas, but I am unable to express most of my ideas verbally. Through writing, you can get to anyone, writing is a way to communicate with no noise whatsoever, although there is nothing said verbally, sometimes , words in writing may seem harsh, but verbally do not

Monday, November 4, 2019

Decisions in Paradise Part 2 & 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decisions in Paradise Part 2 & 3 - Essay Example These should be planned well. Discuss with the team the estimated effort for each activity and ensure that the person who is assigned the activity is committed to completing it as well within the scheduleâ€Å" (Mariam, 2002). This can be done by implementing a mission statement that every employee is aware of. In turn these employees must know what their job is in relation to this mission statement and must be prepared to do whatever it takes to complete these tasks. In order to come up with this mission statement, brainstorming amongst those at the top of the company is necessary, as this statement will be what drives the future of the company. Once this plan in finalized, it can immediately be placed into action, which will help the company’s growth immensely. After all, it is very difficult to reach a goal when you are unaware of what it is, so a mission statement, along with some organizational planning, should be the company’s first priority. Within this planning , some discussion on how this will affect the country of Kava should be included. This means that jobs should be provided, with as little affect on the environment as possible. Also, steps should be taken to lessen the effects of potential disasters that could ruin business. The goal of human resources in this situation should be to keep a close affiliation with the various ethnic groups in Kava, while give each of them a hand in the company’s future. What this means is that workers can be employed from each ethnic groups, without one ethnic group being allowed superiority over the other. By forcing the different ethnic groups to work together, the company might be able to help support some cohersion between them. This would create a less hostile environment for all involved, as the different ethnic groups would be helping each other to improve their living conditions. By actively recruiting Kava residents, the company would be taking steps towards improving the company’s influence within

Saturday, November 2, 2019

The Medieval Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Medieval Age - Essay Example This made the Nobles rebel against the crown often, as they controlled their own local armies. In Manorialism, the 1000’s of acres which belonged to the manor was owned entirely by the nobles. They had complete administrative control over the areas. But, the military power lay entirely with the king preventing Noble's ability to revolt against their lords. Manorialism gave more freedom to the peasants, serfs and the nobles ruling them. They were freed from the duty of guarding their territories fiercely and started to concentrate on developing the areas assigned to them. This system functioned pretty much the same way as the modern governments do. The Last Crusade and the fall of the AcreVenice and Genoa both flourished in trade from 1010. The first crusade started with an emotive appeal from the pope on November 27, 1095. Christians from all over the Europe joined together and waged a war against Muslims in getting their holy land back. This is seen as a .attempt by the churc h to sustain papal control over the mass. However, the first crusade ended successfully with Antioch being captured and King Bohemund of Southern Italy and his descendants becoming its rules for the next two centuries. He encouraged the Italians to establish trade connections with Egypt through Antioch. Venice was the first state to establish trade contacts with Egypt a. They met the Egyptian merchants bringing spices from the South Asia near the Red sea, collected their goods and sold it for huge profit in the Europe.